Forcing cameras on can backfire badly. Some pupils share rooms with siblings, lack a quiet space, are self-conscious about appearance, or have safeguarding reasons to keep their environment private. A blanket 'cameras on' rule risks excluding the very pupils who already find school hardest.
Instead, frame cameras as the default and explain why — it helps you teach better, helps pupils stay focused, and builds the social glue of a class. Then provide explicit alternatives for pupils who can't comply: a profile picture, a virtual background, or audio-only with active chat participation. The goal is engagement, not compliance.
